2024 Ecosystem Transformation 7 (3), 138-152

Informative indicators of the ecological state of soil exposed to low stress factors: pollution, drought, acidity

Olkova A.S.  , Tovstik Е.V.

The article is devoted to the problem of choosing informative indicators of the ecological state of soil with a low stress factor. The purpose of this work is to compare toxicological (ex situ) and bioindicative indicators (in situ) of soil under conditions of pollution, drought, and increased acidity. The number of zymogenic and oligotrophic microflora, the activity of catalase and urease exoenzymes, including the acute toxicity of soil extracts in tests for Paramecium caudatum and Escherichia coli were determined in soil samples. Most of the reactions observed ex situ and in situ were hormetic or equal to the control. As compared to the control, an increase in the number was noted in oligocarbophiles in moderately acidic soil (by 13 times), in oligotrophs in drought-exposed soil (by 22 times), in amylolytics in contaminated and acidic soil (by 6 times), as well as in arid soil (by 1.6 times). The values of the following parameters significantly decreased in the conditions of the applied factors: the number of ammonifiers under low-level cadmium stress (by 3 times) and moderate soil acidity (by 5 times), cellulolytics in response to soil acidity (by 2.5 times) and under drought (by 1.7 times), urease activity in moderately acidic soil (by 1.7 times). In addition, the toxicity index for moderately acidic soil in the test for P. caudatum increased by 1.4 times.

A. S. Olkova
Vyatka State University
ul. Moskovskaya 36, Kirov, 610000 Russia

morgan-abend@mail.ru

E. V. Tovstik
Vyatka State University
Moskovskaya 36, Kirov, 610000 Russia

Akimenko, Yu.V., Chuvaraeva, O.V., Kolesnikov, S.I., Kazeev, K.Sh., Minnikova, T.V., 2019. Otsenka ekologicheskogo sostoianiia osnovnykh pochv iuga Rossii v usloviiakh zagriazneniia antibiotikami [Assessment of the ecological state of the main soils of the south of Russia under antibiotic pollution conditions]. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 114 p. (In Russian).
Antoniadis, V., Shaheen, S.M., Levizou, E., Shahid, M., Niazi, N.K. et al., 2019. A critical prospective analysis of the potential toxicity of trace element regulation limits in soils worldwide: Are they protective concerning health risk assessment? – A review. Environment International 127, 819–847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.039
Bünemann, E.K., Bongiorno, G., Bai, Z., Creamer, R.E., De Deyn, G. et al., 2018. Soil quality – a critical review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 120, 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.01.030
Chapman, E.E.V., Dave, G., Murimboh, J.D., 2013. A review of metal (Pb and Zn) sensitive and pH tolerant bioassay organisms for risk screening of metal-contaminated acidic soils. Environmental Pollution 179, 326–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.027
Chupis, V.N., Malikov, A.N., Martynov, V.V., Bakhrakh, P.L., 2013. Printsipy kompleksnogo ekologicheskogo monitoringa zony vliianiia atomnykh elektrostantsii [Principles of integrated environmental monitoring of nuclear power plant influence zones]. Povolzhskii torgovo-ekonomicheskii zhurnal [Volga Region Trade and Economic Journal] 5 (33), 29–47. (In Russian).
Fan, D., Sun, J., Liu, C., Wang, S., Han, J., Agathokleous, E., Zhu, Y., 2021. Measurement and modeling of hormesis in soil bacteria and fungi under single and combined treatments of Cd and Pb. Science of The Total Environment 783, 147494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147494
Farooq, T.H., Kumar, U., Mo, J., Shakoor, A., Wang, J. et al., 2021. Intercropping of peanut-tea enhances soil enzymatic activity and soil nutrient status at different soil profiles in subtropical southern China. Plants-Basel 10 (5), 881. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050881
Garcia-Ruiz, R., Ochoa, V., Vinegla, B., Hinojosa, M.B., Pena-Santiago, R. et al., 2009. Soil enzymes, nematode community and selected physico-chemical properties as soil quality indicators in organic and conventional olive oil farming: Influence of seasonality and site features. Applied soil ecology 41 (3), 305–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.12.004
Islam, W., Noman, A., Naveed, H., Huang, Z., Chen, H.Y.H., 2020. Role of environmental factors in shaping the soil microbiome. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, 41225–41247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10471-2
Konovalov, A.G., Risnik, D.V., 2017. Primenenie metoda lokal'nykh ekologicheskikh norm dlia opredeleniia vliianiia soderzhaniia tiazhelykh metallov na dykhanie pochv provintsii Paviia (Italiia) [Application of the method of local ecological norms to determine the effect of heavy metal content on soil respiration in the province of Pavia (Italy)]. Sovremennaia nauka: aktual’nye problemy teorii i praktiki. Seriia: Estestvennye i tekhnicheskie nauki [Modern science: current problems of theory and practice. Series: Natural and technical sciences] 11, 15–21. (In Russian).
Khaziev, F.Kh., 2005. Metody pochvennoi enzimologii [Methods of soil enzymology]. Nauka, Moscow, Russia, 252 p. (In Russian).
Kutsenko, S.A., 2004. Osnovy toksikologii [Fundamentals of toxicology]. Foliant, St. Petersburg, Russia, 715 p. (In Russian).
Li, T., Liu, Y., Lin, S., Liu, Y., Xie, Y., 2019. Soil pollution management in China: a brief introduction. Sustainability 11 (3), 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030556
Loskutov, S.I., Pukhalsky, Ya.V., Shaposhnikov, A.I., Vorobyov, N.I., Belimov, A.A., 2019. Molekuliarnaia ekologiia – novoe napravlenie v izuchenii izmeneniia bioraznoobraziia mikroflory razlichnykh tipov pochv pod vozdeistviem zasukhi [Molecular ecology – a new direction in the study of changes in biodiversity of microflora of various types of soils under the influence of drought]. Sbornik dokladov 3-i Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi internet-konferentsii molodykh uchenykh i spetsialistov s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, posviashchennaia 145-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia Doiarenko A.G. “Ekologiia, resursosberezhenie i adaptivnaia selektsiia” [Proceedings of the 3rd All-Russian scientific and practical Internet conference of young scientists and specialists with international participation, dedicated to the 145th anniversary of A.G. Doyarenko “Ecology, resource conservation and adaptive selection”], Saratov, 20–22.03.2019. Saratov, Russia, 146. (In Russian).
Mengdi, X., Wenqing, C., Haibo, D., Xiaoqing, W., Li, Y. et al., 2021. Cadmium-induced hormesis effect in medicinal herbs improves the efficiency of safe utilization for low cadmium-contaminated farmland soil. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 225, 112724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112724
Msimbira, L.A., Smith, D.L., 2020. The roles of plant growth promoting microbes in enhancing plant tolerance to acidity and alkalinity stresses. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 4, 106. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2020.00106
Odum, E.P., 1983. Basic Ecology. Harcourt Brace College Publishers, New York, USA, 613 p.
Olkova, A.S., Ashikhmina, T.Ya., 2021. Faktory polucheniia reprezentativnykh rezul’tatov biotestirovaniia vodnykh sred (obzor) [Factors for obtaining representative results of bioassaying of aquatic environments (review)]. Teoreticheskaia i prikladnaia ekologiia [Theoretical and Applied Ecology] 2, 22-30. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2021-2-022-030
Olkova, A.S., Tovstik, E.V., 2022. Comparison of natural abiotic factors and pollution influence on the soil enzymative activity. Ecological Engineering and Environmental Technology 23 (1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/143003
Orlov, D.S., 1992. Khimiya pochv [Soil chemistry]. Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 400 p. (In Russian).
Praktikum po microbiologii [Microbiology practical guide], 2005. Netrusov, A.I. (ed.). Akademiya, Moscow, Russia, 603p. (In Russian).
Suzdaleva, A.V., Shein, E.V., Abrosimov, K.N., Dembovetsky, A.V., 2022. Struktura porovogo prostranstva pochv, prorastaiushchikh kornei i mikrobnogo soobshchestva v konsortsiume “pochva – rasteniia – mikroorganizmy” v pochvakh model’nogo semennogo lozha iachmenia [The structure of the pore space of soils, germinating roots and microbial community in the soil-plant-microorganism consortium in the soils of a model barley seedbed]. Problemy agrokhimii i ekologii [Problems of Agrochemistry and Ecology] 2, 45–50. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.26178/AE.2022.19.44.001
Terekhova, V.A., 2022. Biotesting of soil ecotoxicity in case of chemical contamination: Modern approaches to integration for environmental essessment (a review). Eurasian Soil Science 55, 601–612. https://doi.org/10.1134/S106422932205009X
Ushakov, R.N., Ruchkina, A.V., 2020. Vliianie plodorodiia agroseroi pochvy na aktivnost' mikroflory v usloviiakh zasukhi v nechernozemnoi zone Rossii [The influence of agro-gray soil fertility on the activity of microflora under drought conditions in the non-chernozem zone of Russia]. Agrokhimiya [Agrochemistry] 6, 69–77. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31857/s0002188120060137
Varshal, G.M., Koshcheeva, I.Y., Khushvakhtova, S.D., Velyukhanova, T.K., Tatsii, Y.G. et al., 1999. Complex formation of mercury with humus acids: An important stage of the biospheric mercury cycle. Geochemistry internationall 37 (3), 229–234.
Zuccarini, P., Asensio, D., Ogaya, R., Sardans, J., Peñuelas, J., 2020. Effects of seasonal and decadal
warming on soil enzymatic activity in a P-deficient Mediterranean shrubland. Global Change Biology
26 (6), 3698–3714. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15077