2025 Ecosystem Transformation 8 (3), 99-117

Geochemical and microbiological indication of technogenic transformation of soils in the city of Balakovo (Saratov Oblast)

Pleshakova E.V. , Sheshnev A.S., Gerasimov O.A., Glinskaya E.V., Golubev D.M., Nesterkina D.D., Ovechkina A.A.

The soil-ecological studies (2023) conducted in the city of Balakovo, Saratov oblast allowed to detect two local technogenic geochemical anomalies with a high content of technophilic elements and major pollutants of soils (zinc, lead, copper and nickel). In terms of heterotrophic microorganisms enrichment, soils are characterized as highly rich (> 1×107 CFU/g), while in two sites of the industrial zone and in two plots of the recreational area as rich (1×107 CFU/g). The average number of cultivated aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms in urban soils is 2 times and in industrial 3 times lower than in natural soils. By micromycetes presence, urban soils range from very poor (< 2×106 CFU/g) to rich (1–2×107 CFU/g). Zones of maximum technogenic soil transformation are typical of industrial areas and low-rise residential buildings with bad amenities of life.

E. V. Pleshakova
Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky
Astrakhanskaya St. 83, Saratov, 410012 Russia

plekat@yandex.ru

A. S. Sheshnev
Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky
Astrakhanskaya St. 83, Saratov, 410012 Russia


O. A. Gerasimov
Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky
Astrakhanskaya St. 83, Saratov, 410012 Russia


E. V. Glinskaya
Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky
Astrakhanskaya St. 83, Saratov, 410012 Russia


D. M. Golubev
Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky
Astrakhanskaya St. 83, Saratov, 410012 Russia


D. D. Nesterkina
Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky
Astrakhanskaya St. 83, Saratov, 410012 Russia


A. A. Ovechkina
Saratov National Research State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky
Astrakhanskaya St. 83, Saratov, 410012 Russia

Abbasian, F., Lockington, R., Megharaj, M., Naidu, R., 2016. The biodiversity changes in microbial population of soils contaminated with crude oil. Current Microbiology 72 (6), 663–670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-016-1001-4
Abrosimova, O.V., Makarova, A.A., 2018. Ekologicheskii analiz pochvennykh raznostei urbosistem g. Saratova [Ecological analysis of the soil differences of the urban system of Saratov]. Antropogennaia transformatsiia prirodnoi sredy [Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature] 4, 129–133. (In Russian).
Adesina, G.O., Adelasoye, K.A., 2014. Effect of crude oil pollution on heavy metal contents, microbial population in soil, and maize and cowpea growth. Agricultural Sciences 5 (1), 43–50. https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2014.51004
Alrumman, S.A., Standing, D.B., Paton, G.I., 2015. Effects of hydrocarbon contamination on soil microbial community and enzyme activity. Journal of King Saud University – Science 27 (1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2014.10.001
Ananyeva, N.D., Ivashchenko, K.V., Sushko, S.V., 2021. Microbial indicators of urban soils and their role in the assessment of ecosystem services: a review. Eurasian Soil Science 54 (10), 1517–1531.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229321100033
Berseneva, O.A., Salovarova, V.P., 2011. Vozdeistvie vybrosov metallurgicheskikh proizvodstv na pochvennye mikrobiotsenozy [The influence of emissions of metallurgical production on soil microcenoses]. Izvestiia Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriia “Biologiia. Ekologiia” [The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series “Biology. Ecology”] 4 (4), 18–24. (In Russian).
Eremin, V.N., Pavlov, P.D., Reshetnikov, M.V., Sheshnev, A.S., 2016. Ekologo-geokhimicheskaia otsenka pochvennogo pokrova v raione Balakovskogo poligona zakhoroneniia bytovykh otkhodov (Saratovskaia oblast) [Ecological and geochemical assessment of a soil cover near the Balakovo ground of burial of municipal solid waste (Saratov region)]. Inzhenernaia geologiia [Engineering Geology] 2, 50–58. (In Russian).
Korneykova, M.V., Vasenev, V.I., Nikitin, D.A., Soshina, A.S., Dolgikh, A.V., Sotnikova, Y.L., 2021.
Urbanization affects soil microbiome profile distribution in the russian arctic region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (21), 11665. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111665
Larionov, M.V., 2013. Osobennosti nakopleniia tekhnogennykh tiazhelykh metallov v pochvakh gorodov Srednego i Nizhnego Povolzh'ia [Features of the accumulation of technogenic heavy metals in the soils of cities in the Middle and Lower Volga region]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Tomsk State University Journal] 368, 189–194. (In Russian).
Larionov, M.V., Larionov, N.V., Gromova, T.S., Siraeva, I.S., Ermolenko, A.S., Volodkin, A.A.,
Levkina, G.V., 2020. Faktory degradatsii pochv i atmosfernogo vozdukha i ikh vliianie na sostoianie
rastenii v gorodskikh i prigorodnykh ekosistemakh [Factors of soil and atmospheric air degradation
and their influence on the state of plants in urban and suburban ecosystems]. Samarskii nauchnyi vestnik [Samara Journal of Science] 9 (2), 78–85. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.17816/snv202113
Makarov,V.Z., Novakovsky,B.A., Chumachenko,A.N., 2002. Ekologo-geograficheskoe kartografirovanie gorodov [Geoecological mapping of cities]. Nauchnyi mir, Moscow, Russia, 196 p. (In Russian).
Marfenina, O.E., 2005. Antropogennaia ekologiia pochvennykh gribov [Anthropogenic ecology of soil fungi]. Meditsina dlia vsekh, Moscow, Russia, 196 p. (In Russian).
Merkulova, M.Yu., Tikhomirova, E.I., Abrosimova, O.V., 2015. Kompleksnyi monitoring ekologicheskogo sostoianiia urbanozemov po biologicheskim pokazateliam (na primere g. Saratova) [Comprehensive monitoring of the ecological state urbanozem by biological indicators (on the example of Saratov)]. Teoreticheskaia i prikladnaia ekologiia [Theoretical and Applied Ecology] 4, 25–29. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2015-4-025-029
Netrusov, A.I., Egorova, M.A., Zakharchuk, L.M., 2005. Praktikum po mikrobiologii [Workshop on microbiology]. Akademiia, Moscow, Russia, 608 p. (In Russian).
Pospelova, O.A, Mandra, Y.A, Stepanenko, E.E, Okrut, S.V, Zelenskaya, T.G., 2015. Identification of technogenic disturbances of urban ecosystems using the methods of bioindication and biotesting. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 12 (3), 2241–2251. https://doi.org/10.13005/bbra/1897
Rudakov, V.O., Rudakov, O.L., 2009. Priroda pochvennykh fitotoksikozov i problema zashchity rastenii [The nature of soil phytotoxicoses and the problem of plant protection]. Agro XXI 1–3, 11–13. (In Russian).
Skugoreva, S.G., Ashihmina, T.Yа., Fokina,A.I., Lyalina, E.I., 2016. Khimicheskie osnovy toksicheskogo deistviia tiazhelykh metallov (obzor) [Chemical grouns of toxic effect of heavy metals (review)]. Teoreticheskaia i prikladnaia ekologiia [Theoretical and Applied Ecology] 1, 4–13. (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2016-1-014-019
Stepanova, L.P., Yakovlevа, E.V., Pisarevа, A.V., 2016. Ekologicheskaia otsenka kharaktera antropogennogo vozdeistviia na izmenenie struktury mikrobiologicheskogo kompleksa tekhnogennotransformirovannykh zemel' [Enviromental assessment of anthropogenic impact on the microbiological complex structure of technogenically transformed lands]. Plodorodie [Soil Fertility] 3, 37–40. (In Russian).
Stoma, G.V., Manucharova, N.A., Belokopytova, N.A., 2020. Biological activity of microbial communities in soils of some Russian cities. Eurasian Soil Science 53 (6), 760–771. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064229320060125
Stroganova, M.N., Agarkova, M.G., 1992. Gorodskie pochvy: opyt izucheniia i sistematiki [Urban soils: experience of study and systematics]. Pochvovedenie [Soil Science] 7, 16–24. (In Russian).
Stroganova, M.N., Myagkova A.D., Prokof'eva T.V., 1997. Rol' pochv v gorodskikh ekosistemakh [The role of soils in urban ecosystems]. Pochvovedenie [Eurasian Soil Scienc]e 30 (1), 82–86. (In Russian).
Sumampouw, O.J., Risjani, Y., 2014. Bacteria as indicators of environmental pollution: review. International Journal of Ecosystem 4 (6), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ije.20140406.03
Terekhova, V.A., 2007. Mikromitsety v ekologicheskoi otsenke vodnykh i nazemnykh ekosistem [Micromycetes in ecological evaluation of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems]. Nauka, Moscow, Russia, 215 p. (In Russian).
Wolińska, A., Kuźniar, A., Szafranek-Nakonieczna, A., Jastrzębska, N., Roguska, E., Stępniewska, Z., 2016. Biological activity of autochthonic bacterial community in oil-contaminated soil. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 227, 130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2825-z
Zhuikova, T.V., Gordeeva, V.A., Bezel’, V.S., Kostina, L.V., Ivshina, I.B., 2017. The structural and functional state of soil microbiota in a chemically polluted environment. Biology Bulletin 44, 1228– 1236. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359017100193
Zviagintsev, D.G., 1978. Biologicheskaia aktivnost' pochv i shkaly dlia otsenki nekotorykh ee pokazatelei
[Biological activity of soils and scales for assessing some of its indicators]. Pochvovedenie [Soil Science] 6, 48–54. (In Russian).