2021 Ecosystem Transformation 4 (2), 16-27

The Lake Pizanets (Republic of Karelia, Russia) – a new site for establishingthe protected area

Komulaynen S.F.  , Baryshev I.A., Kruglova A.N., Slastina Yu.L., Potakhin M.S., Galakhina N.E., Nikerova K.M.

A survey of the morphological and hydrological characteristics of the lake and analysis of the species composition, abundance, and biomass of phytoplankton, phytoperiphyton, zooplankton, and zoobenthos were carried out as a part of the complex study for establishing a new protected area “Lake Pizanets”. The effect of natural and anthropogenic factors on the hydrochemical regime and structure of aquatic ecosystems of the lake was assessed. The trophic status of the lake, its saprobity, and the significance of particular communities and bioindication indices were estimated. The species composition and dominant species of the studied communities of the lake were quite typical for freshwater bodies of the region. Despite the fact that the abundance and biomass of macrozoobenthos turned out to be lower than in other lakes of Eastern Fennoscandia, generally, the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton, phytoperiphyton, zooplankton, and zoobenthos evidenced on relatively high degree of their development in the lake Pizanets, as well as on their activity and stability. At the same time, the species, forming the communities, differed in size noticeably; therefore, significant discrepancies were found between the lists of taxa dominating by abundance and by biomass. The biotic indices and hydrochemical indicators indicated mainly a low degree of pollution, so the lake waters could be classified as belonging to water purity class II. Nowadays, the lake is not affected by significant anthropogenic load. However, according to the program of establishing new protected areas, further control of the hydrobiological and hydrochemical indicators of the reservoir, as well as its inclusion in the environmental monitoring program is undoubtful.

S. F. Komulaynen
Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences
ul. Pushkinskaya 11, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185910 Russia

komsf@mail.ru

I. A. Baryshev
Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences
ul. Pushkinskaya 11, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185910 Russia


A. N. Kruglova
Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences
ul. Pushkinskaya 11, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185910 Russia


Yu. L. Slastina
Northern Water Problems Institute, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences
pr. Aleksandra Nevskogo 50, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185030 Russia


M. S. Potakhin
Northern Water Problems Institute, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences
pr. Aleksandra Nevskogo 50, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185030 Russia


N. E. Galakhina
Northern Water Problems Institute, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences
pr. Aleksandra Nevskogo 50, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185030 Russia


K. M. Nikerova
Forest Research Institute, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences
ul. Pushkinskaya 11, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185910 Russia

Alekin, O.A., 1970. Osnovy gidrokhimii [Fundamentals of hydrochemistry]. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, USSR, 444 p. (InRussian).
Analiticheskie, kineticheskie i raschetnihe metodih v gidrokhimicheskoi praktike [Analytical, kinetic, and computational methods in hydrochemical practice], 2017. Lozovik, P.A., Efremenko, N.A. (eds.). Nestor-Istoriya, St. Petersburg, Russia, 272 p. (InRussian).
Atlas of the Karelian ASSR [Atlas Kareljskoi ASSR], 1989. Glavnoe upravlenie geodezii i kartografii pri Sovete Ministrov SSSR [General Department of Geodesy and Cartography], Moscow, USSR, 40 p. (InRussian).
Barinova, S.S., Medvedeva, L.A., Anisimova, O.V., 2006. Bioraznoobrazie vodoroslei-indikatorov okruzhayuthei sredy [Diversity of algal indicators in environmental assessment]. Pilies Studio, Tel-Aviv, Israel, 498 p. (In Russian).
Bayanov, N.G., 2013. OOPT i sovershenstvovanie monitoringa vodnihkh ehkosistem v Rossii [PA and improvement of monitoring of water ecosystems in Russia]. Astrakhanskii vestnik ehkologicheskogo obrazovaniya [Astrakhan Bulletin of Environmental Education]4 (26), 82–88. (In Russian).
Eloranta, P., Kwandrans, J., 2007. Freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta): Identification guide to European taxa, particularly to those in Finland. Saarijrven Offset Oy, Saarijrvi, Finland, 103 p.
Genkal, S.I., Chekryzheva, T.A., Komulaynen, S.F., 2015. Diatomovihe vodorosli vodoemov i vodotokov Karelii [Diatom algae in water bodies and watercourses of Karelia]. NauchnyiMir, Moscow, Russia, 202 p. (In Russian).
Rukovodstvo po metodam gidrobiologicheskogo analiza poverkhnostnihkh vod i donnihkh otlozhenii [Guidelines to the methods of hydrobiological analysis of surface water and bottom sediments], 1983. Abakumov, V.I. (ed.). Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, USSR, 239 p. (In Russian).
Kelly, M.G., Whitton, B.A., 1995. The trophic Diatom index: a new index for monitoring eutrophication in rivers. Journal of Applied Physiology 7, 433–444.
Kiselev, I.A., 1954. Opredelitel’ presnovodnykh vodoroslei SSSR. Vyp. 6. Pirofitovye vodorosli[Taxonomic key of freshwater algae of the USSR. Issue 6. Pyrrophyta]. Sovetskaya Nauka, Moscow, USSR, 212 p. (In Russian).
Komárek, J., 2013. Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bd. 19 (3). Cyanoprokaryota: Heterocytous. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany, 1130 S. (In German).
Komárek, J., Anagnostidis, K., 1998. Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bd. 19 (1). Cyanoprokaryota: Chroococcales. Gustav Fischer, Jena etc., 548 S. (In German).
Komárek, J., Anagnostidis, K., 2005. Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bd. 19 (2). Cyanoprokaryota: Oscillatoriales. Elsevier / Spektrum, Heidelberg, Germany, 759 S. (In German).
Komárek, J., Fott, B., 1983. Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers. Systematik und Biologie. Teil 7 (1). Chlorophyceae (Grünalgen), Ordnung Chlorococcales. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, Germany, 1044 S. (In German).
Komulaynen, S.F., 2003. Metodicheskie rekomendacii poizucheniy fitoperifitona v malihkh rekakh [Recommendations for studying phytoperiphyton in small rivers]. Karelian Research Centre of RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia, 43 p.(In Russian).
Komulaynen S., 2008. The green algae as structural element of phytoperiphyton communities in streams of the Northwestern Russia. Biology63 (6), 859–865.
Komulaynen, S.F., Kruglova, A.N., Khrennikov, V.V., Shirokov, V.A. 1989. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po izucheniyu gidrobiologicheskogo rezhima malykh rek [Guidelines to study the hydrobiological regime of small rivers]. Karelian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Petrozavodsk, USSR, 41 p. (In Russian).
Komulaynen, S.F., Chekryzheva,T.A., Vislyanskaya, I.G., 2006. Al’goflora ozer i rek Karelii. Taksonomicheskii sostav i ekologiya [Algal flora of lakes and rivers of Karelia. Taxonomic composition and ecology]. Karelian Research Centre of RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia, 78 p. (In Russian).
Komulaynen, S., Morozov, A., 2007. Spatial and temporal variation of heavy metal levels in phytoperiphyton in small streams of Northwest Russia. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 161 (3–4), 435–442.
Komulaynen, S., Morozov, A., 2010. Heavy metal dynamics in the periphyton in small rivers of Kola Peninsula. Water Resources37 (6), 874–878.
Kosinskaya, E.K., 1952. Flora sporovihkh rastenii SSSR. T. 2. Kon’yugaty, ili tseplyanki. Vyp. 1. Mezotenievie i gonatozigovye vodorosli [Flora of Spore Plants of the USSR. Vol. 2. Conjugatophyceae. Issue 1. Mesotaeniales and Gonatozygaes]. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow – Leningrad, USSR, 164 p. (In Russian).
Kosinskaya, E.K., 1960. Flora of Spore Plants of the USSR. T. 5. Kon’yugaty, ili tseplyanki. Vyp. 1. Desmidievye vodorosli [Flora sporovykh rastenii SSSR. Vol. 5. Conjugatophyceae. Issue 1. Desmidiales]. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow – Leningrad, USSR, 706 p. (In Russian).
Krammer, K., Lange-Bertalot, H., 1986. Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bd 2 (1). Bacillariophyceae: Naviculaceae. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart – Jena, Germany, 860 S. (In German).
Krammer, K., Lange-Bertalot, H., 1988. Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bd 2 (2). Bacillariophyceae: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart – Jena, Germany, 596 S. (In German).
Krammer, K., Lange-Bertalot, H., 1991a. Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bd 2 (3). Bacillariophyceae: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart – Jena, Germany, 576 S. (In German).
Krammer, K., Lange-Bertalot, H., 1991b. Süβwasser-flo ra von Mitteleuropa. Bd 2 (4). Bacillariophyceae: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Erganzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart – Jena, Germany, 437 S. (In German).
Lozovik, P.A., 2006. Gidrogeokhimicheskie kriterii sostoyaniya poverkhnostnihkh vod gumidnoi zony i ikh ustoichivosti k antropogennomu vozdeistviyu [Hydrogeochemical criteria of the state of surface water in humid zone and their tolerance to anthropogenic impact]. Chemical sciences Doctor of Science thesis abstract. Moscow, Russia, 56 p. (In Russian).
Lozovik, P.A., 2013. Geokhimicheskaya klassifikaciya poverkhnostnihkh vod gumidnoi zonih na osnove ikh kislotno-osnovnogo ravnovesiya [Geochemical classification of surface waters in humid zone based on their acid-base equilibrium]. Vodnye Resursy [Water Resources]40 (6), 583–592. (In Russian).
Lukashov, A.D., 2004. Geodinamika noveishego vremeni [Recent Geodynamics]. In: Sharov. N.V. (ed.), Glubinnoe stroenie i seismichnostj Kareljskogo regiona i ego obramleniya [Deep Structure and Seismicity of the Karelian Region and Vicinity]. Karelian Research Centre of RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia, 150–191. (In Russian).
Moshkova, N.A., Gollerbakh, M.M., 1986. Zelenye vodorosli. Klass Ulotriksovye.Opredelitel’ presnovodnykh vodoroslei SSSR. Vyp. 10 (1) [Green Algae. Class Ulotrichales. Taxonomic key of Freshwater Algae of the USSR. Issue 10 (1)]. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR, 360 p. (In Russian).
Nauchnoe obosnovanie razvitiya seti osobo okhranyaemihkh prirodnihkh territorii v Respublike Kareliya [Scientific grounds of the protected area network development in the Republic of Karelia], 2009. Gromtsev, A.N. (ed.). Karelian Research Centre of RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia ,112 p. (In Russian).
Opredelitel zooplanktona i zoobentosa presnykh vod Evropeiskoi Rossii. T. 1. Zooplankton [Taxonomic Key of Freshwater Zooplankton and Zoobenthos of European Russia. Vol. 1. Zooplankton], 2010. Alekseev, V.R., Tsalolikhin, S.Ya. (eds.). KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, Russia, 495 p. (In Russian).
Opredelitel zooplanktona i zoobentosa presnykh vod Evropeiskoi Rossii. T. 2. Zoobentos [Taxonomic Key of Freshwater Zooplankton and Zoobenthos of European Russia. Vol. 2. Zoobentos], 2016. Alekseev, V.R., Tsalolikhin, S.Ya. (eds.). KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, Russia, 457 p. (In Russian).
Osnovy geoekologii, bioindikacii i biotestirovaniya vodnihkh ehkosistem [Basics of Geoecology, Bioindication, and Biotesting of Aquatic Ecosystems], 2004. Kurilenko, V.V. (ed.). Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia, 444 p. (In Russian).
Ozera Karelii. Spravochnik [Lakes of Karelia. Reference Book], 2013. Filatov, N.N., Kukharev, V.I. (eds.). Karelian Research Centre of RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia, 464 p. (In Russian).
Palamar’-Mordvintseva, G.M., 1982. Opredelitel’ presnovodnykh vodoroslei SSSR. Vyp. 11 (2). Zelenye vodorosli. Klass Konjyugaty. Poryadok Desmidievye [Taxonomic key of freshwater algae of the USSR. Issue 11 (2). Green Algae. Class Conjugatophyceae. Order Desmidiales]. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR, 620 p. (In Russian).
Palamar’-Mordvintseva, G.M., 1984. ViznachnikprіsnovodnikhvodorosteiUkraїnsjkoї RSR. Vip.8 (1). Kon’yugati [Taxonomic key of the Ukrainian SSR. Issue 8 (1). Conjugatophyceae]. NaukovaDumka, Kiev, USSR, 512 p. (In Ukranian).
Pantle, R., Buck, H., 1955. Die biologische Uberwachung der Gawässer und die Darstellung der Ergebnisse. Gas und Wasserfach 96 (18), 604 p.
Popova, T.G., 1955. Opredelitelj presnovodnihkh vodoroslei SSSR. Vyp. 7. Evglenovye vodorosli [Taxonomic key of Freshwater Algae of the USSR. Issue 7. Euglenophyta]. Sovetskaya Nauka, Moscow, USSR, 283 p. (In Russian).
Prirodnyi kompleks gory Vottovaara: osobennosti, sovremennoe sostoyanie, sokhranenie [Nature vomplexes of Mount Vottovaara: characteristics, condition, conservation],2009. Gromtsev, A.N. (ed.). Karelian Research Centre of RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia, 158 p. (In Russian).
Revenga, C., Campbell, I., Abell, R., De Villiers, P., Bryer, M., 2005. Prospects for monitoring freshwater ecosystems towards the 2010 targets. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences360 (1454), 397–413.
Rundina, L.A., 1998. Zignemovihe vodorosli Rossii (Chlorophyta: Zygnematophyceae, Zygnematales) [Zygnematales of Russia (Chlorophyta: Zygnematophyceae, Zygnematales)]. Nauka, St. Petersburg, Russia, 351 p. (In Russian).
Semenchenko, V.P., Razlutskii, V.I., 2011. Ekologicheskoe kachestvo poverkhnostnykh vod [Ecological quality of surface water]. Belaruskaya navuka, Minsk, Belarus, 329 p. (In Russian).
Sládecek, V., 1973. System of water quality from the biological point of view. Archiv für Hydrobiologie7, 1–218 p.
Starmach, K., 1985. Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bd. 1. Chrysophyceae und Haptophyceae.VEBGustavFischerVerlag, Jena, Germany, 515 S. (In German).
Vvedenie v monitoring presnykh vod [Introduction to Freshwater Monitoring], 2019. Vshivkova, T.S., Ivanenko, N.V., Yakimenko, L.V., Drozdov, K.A. (eds.). Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok, Russia, 240 p. (In Russian).